On the basis of the components present in the food, the food items can be divided into the following categories
1. Carbohydrates
(i) Simple Carbohydrates – Glucose, Fructose, Jectose, Sucrose etc.
(ii) Complex carbohydrates - starch and cellulose etc. Carbohydrates from the oxygen taken in are burned as fuels in the tissues of our body, producing carbon dioxide, water and energy. We use this energy to do our daily activities. This energy is bound in the molecules of sugar and starch etc., which is gradually released in several stages.
2.Protein
Protein is mainly helpful in physical growth. Protein compounds are mainly made up of elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. These elements together form the tissues that feed the body parts. Different types of proteins in tissues are helpful in body building. There are two types of proteins depending on the source- Major Nutrients and Major Components of Food.
(i) Animal proteins - proteins obtained from milk, meat, fish, eggs etc.
(ii) Vegetable proteins - Proteins obtained from pulses, beans, soybeans, beans and nuts, about 4.3 calories of energy is obtained from the digestion of one gram of protein.
3. Vitamins
These are organic compounds that are sufficient in small amounts in food. These are necessary for the growth and functions of the body. They do not provide energy. Their presence keeps the body healthy and away from diseases. On the basis of solubility, they have been kept in the following two classes
(i) Water soluble vitamins like Vitamin B and C.
(ii) Fat-soluble vitamins - such as - vitamins A, D, E and K. Main sources of vitamins - vitamins found in abundance in cereals, green vegetables, pulses, milk, ghee, cheese, meat, peeled fruits, sprouted seeds Let's go.
Types of vitamins
(i) Vitamin A - Vitamin A keeps eyes, hair and skin healthy. Vitamin A is found in spinach, carrot, mango, butter, fish oil, tomato, yellow orange fruit etc. Its deficiency causes a disease called night blindness.
(ii) Vitamin B- This vitamin is water soluble. Its deficiency causes a disease called beri-beri in the body. It cannot be stored in the body. Vitamin B includes many vitamins. B , Thiamin , B , Riboflavin , B , - Niacin , B - Folic Acid , B6 - Pyridoxine etc.
(iii) Vitamin C- It protects teeth and bones from infection and helps in getting calcium and also works for blood purification. This vitamin is found in lemon, orange, mango, tomato, guava, seasonal, amla and green chilli etc. Its deficiency causes scurvy disease.
(iv) Vitamin D- It makes teeth and bones strong. This vitamin is found in morning sunlight, butter, eggs, milk, fish oil and liver. Its deficiency causes rickets.
(v) Vitamin E- It provides the power of child production. This vitamin is found in milk, butter, vegetables and meat. Deficiency affects genitalia.
(vi) Vitamin K- This vitamin stops the blood by coagulating the flowing blood of the body. This vitamin is found in spinach, cabbage, milk etc. Due to its deficiency, blood clot does not form. There are-
4. Mineral salts
This element is found in abundance in cereals, pulses and fish etc.
Mineral salts are inorganic components of food. Very small amounts of these are sufficient in food. These are the natural elements calcium and phosphorus that the body needs. Bones and teeth of the body are formed from the salts of these two elements. Due to the deficiency of calcium, the blood clot is not able to clot properly, the heart is not able to beat properly. Even the muscles are not able to function properly. This element is found in large quantities in milk, curd, green vegetables (radish, spinach), salad etc. 2 Phosphorus element exchanges the energy generated in the body in compound form.
Water - Water is useful in our body in the following ways
(1) In the conveyance of food items.
(2) In carrying out biochemical activities.
3) under the control of body temperature
60 to 70 percent of the weight in the human body is water
We should drink one and a half to two liters of water daily in our food.
Usefulness of fat - Like carbohydrates, it also contains elements like carbon, hydrogen or oxygen. But the amount of oxygen in it is less. The burning of fat produces almost twice as much energy as carbohydrates. We get fats from both animals (ghee, butter, fat, oil) and vegetables (oils of mustard, groundnut, sesame, linseed, coconut, cotton seeds etc.). Fat is stored in the form of fat under the skin of animals living in cold places other than humans. This stored fat acts like an energy bank for the body.
Roughage- In some food items like peeled grains, fruits, carrots, radish, spinach, okra, beans, cabbage etc., a fibrous substance called cellulose is found, which is called roughage.
The roughage helps in moving the food forward in the esophagus. Because of this, food does not stick in the intestines. In the presence of these fibers, undigested food is easily expelled out of the body in the form of waste material. It removes constipation and absorbs toxins and water produced during digestion.
